Diazonium-induced anchoring process: an application to improve the monovalent selectivity of cation exchange membranes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An efficient and one-step chemical process (diazonium-induced anchoring process) to graft covalently a thin polyaniline-like layer on the surface of the Selemion CMV commercial cation exchange membrane is reported. SEM, IR and XPS techniques were used to characterize the obtained polymer film. The ability of such a surface modification layer to improve the membrane selectivity for hydrogen ions was confirmed by means of electrodialysis test. In contact with a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and metallic divalent salts, the protonation reaction of the polyaniline-like layer creates positive charges, thus leading to an electrical repulsion barrier which may reduce the penetration of divalent cations with respect to hydrogen ions. The ion exchange capacity, the membrane conductivity as well as the competitive transport of nickel and proton ions inside the modified membrane are discussed in detail in comparison with those of the bare membrane.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it