Interfacial living radical copolymerization of oil‐ and water‐soluble comonomers to form composite polymer capsules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The suspension copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with hydroxy‐functional poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) yielded soluble, controlled‐molecular‐weight amphiphilic copolymers (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight <1.3). Despite extensive partitioning of PEGMA into the water phase, copolymers containing up to 24 mol % PEGMA were formed in the oil phase, from comonomer feeds containing 30 mol % PEGMA. Conversions by suspension polymerization were comparable to those obtained by solution polymerization, at over 70%. Suspension copolymers with high PEGMA contents contained high‐molecular‐weight polymer formed by uncontrolled polymerization, unless poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) was added to displace the growing polymer from the interface. The addition of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate gave capsules at 17 mol % PEGMA with ATRP, whereas conventional free‐radical polymerization required 24 mol % PEGMA to form capsules. The lower PEGMA level required for capsule formation with ATRP was attributed to the lower rates of propagation and crosslinking and to improved incorporation of PEGMA into the final gels. Suspension ATRP with 24 mol % PEGMA in the feed gave two‐layer capsule walls consisting of an inner layer visible by transmission electron microscopy and an outer layer visible by both transmission electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy, which indicated a compositional gradient across the capsule wall. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 156–171, 2006
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".