A Quantitative Ultrastructural Study of the Optic Nerve of the Chameleon
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The optic nerve of adult chameleons was investigated with an electron microscope. The total number of retinal ganglion cell axons, the proportion of myelinated axons, the frequency distributions of myelinated and unmyelinated axon diameters were estimated, together with the volume occupied by glial processes. These were distinguished from unmyelinated axons using an antibody directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein, in a post-embedding procedure. The total number of fibers was estimated to be 405,235 +/- 60,000 axons. The proportion of myelinated fibers varied with position between the eyeball and the chiasma; being 22-27% close to the eyeball, rising to 42-47% halfway along the optic nerve and to 56-62% close to the chiasma. Myelinated and unmyelinated fiber diameter distributions were unimodal and positively skewed, with modes of 0.7 microm and 0.2 microm, respectively. There was a significant regional variation in the size of optic nerve axons. Large myelinated axons were observed in the dorsal and ventral periphery, whereas smaller myelinated fibers and a high proportion of unmyelinated fibers were found in the center of the nerve.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it