Survey of the Use of Corticosteroids Among Neonatal Intensive Care Units for the Prevention or Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To survey neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) at academic medical centers to determine the current use of inhaled and systemic corticosteroids for the prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS: A survey was developed to evaluate aspects of systemic and inhaled corticosteroid use in neonates. Eighty academic medical centers with neonatal/perinatal medicine fellowship programs were surveyed. Neonatology fellows or NICU clinical pharmacists with direct patient care activities responded via telephone, fax or e-mail. RESULTS: Fifty-three institutions responded to the survey (66.3% response rate). Twenty-nine percent of respondents (n = 15) use corticosteroids for prevention of BPD. Systemic corticosteroids are used by 6% of respondents (n = 3) and inhaled corticosteroids are used by 14% of respondents (n = 7) for prevention. Ten percent of respondents (n = 5) use either systemic or inhaled corticosteroids for prevention. Eighty-eight percent of respondents (n = 45) use corticosteroids for treatment of BPD. Systemic corticosteroids are used by 10% of respondents (n = 5) and inhaled corticosteroids are used by 10% of respondents (n = 5) for treatment. Sixty-nine percent of respondents (n = 35) use either systemic or inhaled corticosteroids for treatment. There was a wide variability in drug, dose, titration, taper, administration, and duration of therapy reported. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that systemic and inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used by practitioners for the prevention or treatment of BPD despite a recommendation against the routine use of systemic corticosteroids by the American Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) Committee on Fetus and Newborn and the Canadian Paediatric Society's Fetus and Newborn Committee from February 2002.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".