Investigational drugs targeting cardiac fibrosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fibrosis is an accumulation of proteins including collagen in the extracellular space, which has previously been considered as irreversible damage in various cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and hypertension. The pathophysiology of fibrosis is currently better understood and can be evaluated by non-invasive methods. Here, the authors present briefly the impact and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis in the myocardium and the promising therapeutic candidates including anti-hypertensive therapies, heart-rate lowering drugs, anti-inflammatory agents, as well as other innovative approaches such as inhibitors of growth factors, miRNA or cell therapy. Surrogate end points allow for larger clinical trials than previously possible with endomyocardial biopsies, and magnetic resonance and molecular imaging should open new fields of research on cardiac fibrosis. Several pre-clinical findings are very promising, and some clinical data support the proofs of concept, mainly those with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system. These approaches open the field for regression of fibrosis and include the following: first, some of these drugs are widely used like renin-angiotensin system inhibitors; second, inflammation modulators; third, in near future entirely new approaches targeting the TGF-β pathways, or others like cell therapies or genetic interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.022 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".