A deep chlorophyll maximum nourishes benthic filter feeders in the coastal zone of a large clear lake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water column profiles demonstrated that a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in the littoral zone of Lake Ontario intersected the benthos during the development of stratification. We hypothesized that elevated food supply near the lake bottom may be nourishing littoral‐zone benthic suspension feeders during this time. Chlorophyll fluorescence was monitored at three heights above the lake bottom, together with near‐bottom water velocity using down‐facing acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), at three coastal stations along a cross‐shore transect. Concurrently, growth rates of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) caged at the lake bottom were compared with mussels suspended 2 m above the bottom. Over a 3‐month period beginning April, caged lake‐bottom mussels grew rapidly (mean biomass‐specific growth rate = 1.08 yr−1), while over a 3‐month period beginning July, bottom mussels experienced a decrease in biomass (−0.74 yr−1). Suspended mussels always grew significantly faster than bottom mussels (2.3 and 2.2 yr−1 in Apr and Jul experiments, respectively), affirming previously predicted growth inhibition on the lake bottom due to seston depletion. The different growth rate between seasons of the caged‐bottom mussels was most likely attributable to differences in near‐bottom chlorophyll concentrations. There was significantly higher chlorophyll a concentration near the lake bottom during the April experiment (average of two stations closest to shore = 2.7 µg L−1) relative to the July experiment (0.21 µg L−1 at the same stations). We suggest that littoral‐zone quagga mussels are nourished during the onset of stratification via development of a DCM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".