Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Gibbs energy difference between ice XII and ice V and between ice XII and ice VI at high pressures has been estimated in their fully orientationally disordered states from the available data. The Gibbs energy of ice XII is 183 J/mol higher than that of ice V at 0.5 GPa, and therefore ice XII is metastable with respect to ice V. The Gibbs energy of ice XII is 180–475 J/mol higher than that of ice VI at 1.1 GPa and 100 K. This is inconsistent with the recent deduction [T. Loerting, I. Kohl, C. Salzmann, E. Mayer, and A. Hallbrucker, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 3171 (2002)] that ice VI in the range 0.7–1.5 GPa and 158–212 K is metastable with respect to XII, and also with the speculation that proton (or orientationally)-ordered ice XII could have formed in Johari and Whalley’s [J. Chem. Phys. 70, 2094 (1979)] search for orientationally ordered ice VI. An examination of the available dielectric data and Raman spectral features show no indication of ice VI to ice XII transformation at high pressures. Therefore, ice VI, not ice XII, is the stable phase at ≈1 GPa and in the 158–212 K range. Ice polymorphs coexist in a thermoelastic equilibrium when the strain energy increase at the two-phase interface of the crystals growing in the parent phase becomes equal to the Gibbs energy decrease resulting from the growth. Hence a multiplicity of phases may coexist at high pressures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".