High Prevalence of Angiotropism in Congenital Melanocytic Nevi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the development of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) have yet to be elucidated. A potential clue to their origin is the observation of angiotropism of nevus cells in CMN. Interestingly, neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), the precursors of melanocytes, demonstrate angiotropism in the embryo. There is accumulating evidence that NCSCs migrate along the external surfaces of vessels during a portion of their journey to the skin. Comparable angiotropism and migration of melanoma cells have been described as extravascular migratory metastasis in melanoma. In this report, we systematically examined for the first time, the frequency of angiotropism in 53 CMN. The lesions originated from 27 females and 26 males with an average age of 9.81 years (range 0.42-28 years). The mean nevus size was 7.43 cm (range 0.3-40 cm). Twenty-seven (50.9%) of the 53 lesions were less than 1.5 cm in diameter. Sixteen nevi (30.2%) were medium sized (1.5-19.9 cm), and 10 CMN (18.9%) were large/giant (>20 cm in diameter). The trunk was the most common location (23/53) followed by the head and neck (17/53). Thirty-eight (71.7%) of the 53 lesions were compound melanocytic nevi, and 15 (28.3%) of the 53 lesions were dermal nevi. In summary, angiotropism was observed in 50 (94.3%) of 53 cases. Consequently, such angiotropism may potentially explain the origin of the precursor cells giving rise to CMN. Further explanations concerning dysregulated growth are clearly needed for the actual appearance of CMN and their physical characteristics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".