Structures of Thin Ionomer Films in Solvent Mixtures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have used neutron reflectivity to measure the concentration profiles of polystyrenesulfonated acid (PSSA x ) films with three different degrees of sulfonation ( x = 3.4%, 12.8%, and 27.0%) in water, CCl 4, and a mixture of the two solvents. The data show that, except for the x = 3.4% films where CCl 4 is a good solvent, the largest degree of swelling occurred in the mixed solvent. Contrast matching the water to the polymer layer enabled us to profile the CCl 4 concentration. The results showed that CCl 4 and water were mixed within the polymer film in a ratio of 1:2 and 1:4 for 12.8 mol % and 27.0 mol % PSSA, respectively. Self-consistent-field calculations indicated that the number of adsorbed sulfonated blocks scales linearly with the degree of sulfonation. Using the interaction parameters between the PS and SA blocks obtained by fitting to the data in pure solvents, excellent agreement is obtained for the profiles of the polymer and the solvent mixtures for all values of x .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".