Interlaminar Stresses at the Delamination Fronts in Tubular Adhesive Joints with Delaminated Composite Adherends
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of composite materials has been extensively increasing in the recent decades, mainly due to their high strength and stiffness to weight ratios, as well as their non-corrosive attribute. Adhesive joints are used effectively to join composites to composites or to dissimilar materials. Components made of composites may contain some defects in the form of delaminations that may adversely affect their overall behavior and response when subjected to different loading systems. Interlaminar stresses (including out-of-plane stresses) are caused by the mismatch in material properties, especially in Poisson's ratio and the so-called 'coefficient of mutual influence' (between adjacent layers). The goal of this paper is to evaluate the interlaminar stresses that exist at the delamination fronts in a composite pipe, hosting a small delamination, adhesively bonded to an aluminum pipe. The aim is also to study the effect of various parameters (such as delamination length, depth, fiber orientation angles, and stacking sequence) that influence the performance, using the finite element method. The system is subjected to a torsional moment, which can be considered as a critical loading condition in tubular adhesive joints. Results of the study provide valuable information about the behavior of adhesive joints with delaminated composite adherends, and reveal the nature and distribution of interlaminar stresses along various delaminated fronts under torsional moments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".