Bibliographic record
Abstract
Visco-plastic lubrication (VPL) has been established as a method for reliably suppressing interfacial instabilities and enhancing flow stability for multi-layer systems. Here we extend this methodology to the formation of shaped interfaces in multifluid core-annular configurations. We study multi-layer VPL flows in which we perform both experiment and computation with oscillating the flow rates of the individual phases. According to the flow rate variations we succeed in freezing in a range of different interfacial patterns. Experiments performed with carbopol as lubricating fluid, and with xanthan and polyethylene oxide solutions as core fluid, serve to illustrate the potential of the method. We show that single pulsed changes in the imposed inflow rates can result in small interface indentations that remain frozen into the interface as it propagates downstream. Repeated pulses produce periodically patterned interfaces. We are able to control the frequency and amplitude of the interfacial patterns, but not directly the shape. Inelastic core fluids have been observed to produce rounded bulges whereas elastic core fluids have produced diamond shapes. Moreover, numerical simulations extend the range of shapes achievable and give us interesting insights into the forming process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".