Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl dynamics in benthic invertebrates of Lake Erie, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract hedistributionpatternsofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAH)andpolychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs) were determined in four benthic invertebrate species of western Lake Erie, USA, to assess and compare the processes governing the exposure dynamics of these two classes of contaminants. Significant differences in the sum of 17 PAH compounds were observed among the four species, with mayflies containing the highest PAH body burden, followed by dreissenid mussels, amphipods, and crayfish. For PCBs, mayflies contained significantly higher concentrations of the sum of 39 PCB congeners than the other organisms, and dreissenids had higher levels than crayfish. No significant differences were found in the SPCB levels between dreissenids and amphipods or between amphipods and crayfish. For PCBs, the relationship between biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) and log Kow followed a parabolic pattern indicative of selective bioaccumulation. In contrast, BSAFs for PAHs were inversely related to log Kow, suggesting that metabolism of the higher Kowcompounds was occurring. These results support the conclusion that mayflies and dreissenids play major roles in the transfer of PAHs and PCBs to upper trophic levels, and they demonstrate that the exposure dynamics of PAHs and PCBs are different in the benthic components of aquatic food webs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".