Solubility Of CO<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> in heavy Oil and its Sara fractions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solvent‐based recovery is one of the most promising techniques to enhance heavy oil/bitumen recovery as an alternative to thermal methods. Phase behaviour study of light gases in heavy oil is therefore very important when designing operation and surface facilities for heavy oil recovery. In this study, the original oil (Cactus Lake) was first characterized into saturate, aromatic, resin, asphaltene, and maltene fractions (0.0 wt. % asphaltene). An intelligent gravimetric microbalance was used to measure the solubility of carbon dioxide and ethane in the heavy oil and its saturate, aromatic, resin, asphaltene, and maltene fractions. The measurements were carried out at 288, 294, 299, and 303 K, and at pressures from 200 to 2000 kPa. The standard Peng‐Robinson equation of state was used to correlate the experimental results. The associated Henry's law constants were regressed and reported. The adsorbed amounts of carbon dioxide and ethane on asphaltene were correlated using the Freundlich isotherm. As for the given heavy oil sample and its fractions, carbon dioxide showed lower solubility than ethane at constant temperature, even at high pressures. It was observed that the asphaltene content affects ethane solubility quite significantly in this heavy oil when compared to carbon dioxide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".