Spatial patterns of ground heat gain in the Northern Hemisphere
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variations in the Earth's surface energy balance are recorded in the subsurface as perturbations of the steady state thermal field. Here we invert 558 temperature‐depth profiles in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), in order to estimate the energy balance history at the continental surface from heat flux anomalies in the subsurface. The heat gain is spatially variable and does not appear to have been persistent for the last 200 years at all locations, but overall continental areas have absorbed energy in the last 50 years. Results indicate a mean surface heat flux of 20.6 mWm −2 over the last 200 years. The total heat absorbed by the ground is 4.8 × 10 21 J and 13.3 × 10 21 J for the last 50 and 200 years respectively. We suggest that our results may be useful for state‐of‐the‐art General Circulation Model (GCM) validation and for land‐surface coupling schemes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it