Long-term follow-up after deferral of coronary intervention based on myocardial fractional flow reserve measurement
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Objective To assess long-term results after deferring coronary intervention (percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)) of an intermediate lesion with a value of myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≥0.75 in a ‘real life’ patient population with no respect to results of stress tests (if performed) or coronary disease extent. Methods PCI of an intermediate lesion was deferred in a group of 85 consecutive patients (54 men, 61±10 years) on the basis of the result of FFR ≥0.75 (mean FFR, 0.89±0.06%). FFR was measured in 111 stenoses (mean diameter stenosis, 54±8%, left anterior descending coronary artery, 65 (58%), left circumflex coronary artery, 24 (22%), right coronary artery, 22 (20%). Multi-vessel disease (defined as visually assessed diameter reduction of more than 50% in at least two arteries of more than 1.5 mm diameter, supplying at least two of the three major coronary artery perfusion territories) was present in 67% of patients (one-vessel disease, 28 patients (33%), two-vessel disease, 39 patients (46%), three-vessel disease, 18 patients (21%). Recorded events during follow-up were as follows: all-cause death, cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven target lesion transcatheter revascularization (TLR) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Angina class (Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification) and the need for anti-anginal drugs were recorded. Results Follow-up was completed in 85 patients (100%). Mean duration of follow-up was 22.6±6.6 months (range 4–33 months). Events occurred in 11 patients (13%). Seven patients died; this included two cardiac deaths. A non-fatal myocardial infarction occurred in one patient, one patient needed TLR and three patients underwent CABG. Estimated 33 month cardiac-event-free survival (Kaplan–Meier) was 91±4%. Angina class decreased [1.6±1.2 compared with 0.8±0.8 (P<0.0001)] without difference with respect to the use of anti-anginal drugs (1.7±0.8 compared with 1.7±0.9, P=NS). Conclusions Deferring coronary interventions of intermediate stenosis based on FFR measurement is safe with respect to long-term follow-up, irrespective of the extent of coronary artery disease. The aim of the study was to assess long-term results after FFR guided deferral of coronary intervention (PCI) of intermediate stenosis in a “real life” non-selected patient population. PCI of a total of 111 intermediate stenosis with FFR=0.75 was deferred in 85 patients. Mortality and cardiac events were recorded during follow-up of 22.6±6.6 months (range 4-33 months). Events occurred in 11 patients (13%). Seven patients died, including 2 cardiac deaths, non-fatal MI in 1 patient and 3 patients underwent CABG. Estimated 33-months cardiac event-free survival (Kaplan-Mayer) was 91±4%.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it