Dynamic Turn Conformation of a Short Tryptophan-Rich Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide and Its Interaction with Phospholipid Membranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides are promising sources for novel therapeutic agents against multi-drug-resistant bacteria. HHC-36 (KRWWKWWRR) is a simple but effective antimicrobial peptide with similar or superior activity compared with several conventional antibiotics. In this biophysical study, unique conformational properties of this peptide and some of its analogs as well as its interaction with lipid membranes are investigated in detail. Circular dichroism (CD) and molecular dynamics modeling studies of HHC-36 in different environments reveal a dynamic amphipathic structure composed of competing turn conformations with free energies lower than that of the unfolded state, implying a strong influence of tryptophan interactions in formation of the turns. CD spectra and gel electrophoresis also show strong evidence of self-association of this peptide in aqueous milieu and interaction with both neutrally and negatively charged lipid membrane systems. Isothermal titration calorimetry and acrylamide fluorescence quenching experiments emphasize the preference of HHC-36 for negatively charged vesicles. In addition, dye leakage experiments suggest that this peptide functions through a surface-associated mechanism with weak lytic activity against bacterial model membranes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".