Alternate host ranges of <i>Cronartium flaccidum</i> and <i>Cronartium ribicola</i> in northern Europe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Attached and detached leaves of 60 potential host species were inoculated in the greenhouse and laboratory with aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. from six Finnish locations and of Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schw.) Wint. from 20 locations in Finland and Sweden in 2011. Candidate hosts represented 16 plant families: Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Grossulariaceae, Paeoniaceae, Balsaminaceae, Gentianaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Loasaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Acanthaceae, Myricaceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Orobanchaceae, and Apocynaceae. Inoculations of C. flaccidum produced uredinia after 2 weeks and (or) telia after 4 weeks of incubation on 25 hosts. Inoculation trials identified several new hosts for C. flaccidum in Fennoscandia, namely Impatiens balsamina, Swertia fedtschenkoana, Loasa tricolor, Myrica gale, Verbena canadensis, Saxifraga spp., Paeonia obovata, and Veronica daurica. Myricaceae and Saxifragaceae represent new host families for these rusts. Cronartium ribicola formed uredinia or telia on 10 species: Ribes spp. (7 species/cultivars), Pedicularis palustris subsp. palustris, Bartsia alpina, and Loasa triphylla. Results suggest wider alternate host ranges for both C. flaccidum and C. ribicola than previously recognized. Spores were virulent regardless of their source location, suggesting a lack of host-specificity among Fennoscandian populations of Cronartium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".