Concentration of aqueous dye solution by freezing and thawing
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The concentration phenomena during freezing and thawing were investigated to study the feasibility of freeze–thaw process as a concentration operation. An aqueous dye solution was employed as a model binary eutectic solution. The localised concentration in the frozen matrix was determined, and the concentration profile of the melting solution during thawing was examined. It was found that the solution obtained during thawing showed higher concentration than the original solution, and the concentration did not correspond to the amount of solute localised in the frozen matrix. It was suggested that the concentration phenomena during thawing would be governed by the melting droplet growth rate at the melting interface and by the diffusion rate of solute from eutectic phases to the droplet.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it