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Record W1965799472 · doi:10.4296/cwrj3504503

Groundwater Quality, Geochemical Processes and Groundwater Evolution in the Chateauguay River Watershed, Quebec, Canada

2010· article· en· W1965799472 on OpenAlexfundvenueaboutno aff
Daniel Blanchette, René Lefebvre, Miroslav Nastev, Vincent Cloutier

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicGroundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaConnaught Fund
KeywordsGroundwaterHydrogeologyGroundwater rechargeTotal dissolved solidsWater qualityAquiferHydrology (agriculture)δ18OGeologyWatershedSurface waterEnvironmental chemistryChemical compositionEnvironmental scienceStable isotope ratioChemistryEnvironmental engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Une étude hydrogéochimique a été réalisée dans la portion québécoise du bassin versant de la rivière Châteauguay. Les objectifs de l’étude étaient de caractériser la composition chimique des eaux souterraines pour définir sa qualité et expliquer les variations géochimiques en relation avec les contextes géologiques et hydrogéologiques. Des échantillons globaux d’eau souterraine ont été prélevés à 144 sites uniformément distribués sur l’ensemble du territoire. De ces 144 sites, neuf puits d’observation ont été échantillonnés en utilisant un système multi-niveaux, pour un total de 22 échantillons multi-niveaux. Les échantillons ont été analysés pour une série complète de paramètres chimiques inorganiques: constituants dissous majeurs, mineurs et traces, paramètres bactériologiques, et isotopes stables (δ2H, δ13C, δ18O) et radioactifs (3H, 14C). Les constituants majeurs dissous Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 et les ions HCO3– représentent plus de 92% de la charge dissoute totale et leurs concentrations sont contrôlées tant par des facteurs hydrogéologiques que géologiques. Les problèmes de qualité d’eau observés sont majoritairement d’ordre esthétique pour l’eau potable (dureté, matière dissoute totale (MDT), et concentrations de Fe et Mn) et reliés à la MDT et aux chlorures pour l’irrigation. Les analyses du tritium (3H) et du 14C sont cohérentes par rapports aux zones de recharge présumée et indiquent la présence d’eaux d’âges variées. L’eau souterraine de la région d’étude montre une composition chimique variée comportant 12 types d’eau avec une faible variation de la composition chimique avec la profondeur. Le type Ca-HCO3 domine dans tous les contextes géologiques et hydrogéologiques. Les données ont fait l’objet d’une analyse en composante principale et ont été représentées sur des graphs géochimiques. Environ 80% de la variation géochimique peut être expliquée par le mélange entre l’eau fraîche de la recharge avec de l’eau plus saline reliée à l’ancienne Mer de Champlain, qui avait envahi l’aquifère. Des processus secondaires sont reliés à l’échange ionique et à la dissolution potentielle de minéraux. Une section le long d’une voie d’écoulement majeure montre que cette évolution géochimique mène à des relations entre les groupes de types d’eau, les processus géochimiques, et les conditions d’écoulement de l’eau souterraine. Le modèle conceptuel hydrogéochimique suppose que la dissolution des carbonates par l’eau de recharge mène à un pôle, l’eau Ca-HCO3, qui évolue ensuite le long de sa voie d’écoulement suite à l’échange ionique et au mélange avec des restes de l’eau Na-Cl reliée à l’ancienne Mer de Champlain, l’autre pôle.
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\n<h2>Abstract</h2>
\nA hydrogeochemical study was carried out in the Quebec portion of the Chateauguay River watershed. The objective was to characterize the chemical composition of groundwater in order to evaluate its quality and assess geochemical variations related to the geological and hydrogeological settings. Bulk groundwater samples were collected from 144 wells distributed evenly over the study area. Nine of the wells were sampled with a multi-level packer system, for a total of 22 multi-level samples. Samples were analysed for a comprehensive set of chemical inorganic parameters: dissolved major, minor and trace constituents, bacterial content, and stable (δ2H, δ13C, δ18O) and radioactive (3H, 14C) isotopes. Major dissolved constituents Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 and HCO3– ions represent more than 92% of total dissolved solids and their concentrations seem controlled by both hydrogeological and geological factors. Most water quality problems are related to aesthetic standards for potable water use (hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), Fe and Mn concentrations) and TDS and Cl for irrigation use. Analyses of tritium (3H) and 14C confirm the inferred recharge zones and indicate the presence of variable water ages. Groundwater shows a wide range of compositions as indicated by 12 water types defined on the basis of major ions with a weak variation of chemical composition with depth. The predominant water type, Ca-HCO3, occurs in most geological and hydrogeological settings. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and geochemical graphs were used to identify the major processes that exert a control over the chemical composition of the groundwater. Approximately 80% of the geochemical variation can be explained by mixing between fresh recharge water with more saline water associated with the former Champlain Sea, which invaded the aquifer. Secondary processes are related to ion exchange and the potential dissolution of minerals. A cross-section along a major flow path shows that the geochemical evolution of groundwater leads to relations between water type groups, geochemical processes, and groundwater flow conditions. The hydrogeochemical conceptual model infers that carbonate dissolution during recharge leads to one end-member, a Ca-HCO3 type water, which further evolves along its flow path due through ion exchange and mixing with remnant Champlain Sea water (Na-Cl), the other end-member.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Scholarly communication
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.662
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.185
Teacher spread0.176 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations28
Published2010
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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