Characterization of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell layer in the dysmyelinated adult Long Evans Shaker rat: Evidence for axonal sprouting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Myelin in the central nervous system (CNS) is hypothesized to help guide the growth of developing axons by inhibiting sprouting of aberrant neurites. Previous studies using animal models lacking CNS myelin have reported that increasing capacity for sprouting axons is negatively correlated with the degree of myelination. In the present study, we investigated the optic nerves of the recently identified Long Evans Shaker (LES) rat with prolonged dysmyelination of adult axons to determine whether the lack of myelin basic protein (MBP) in adult LES rats could manifest as increases in the population of CNS axons. We observed numerous small, unmyelinated axon profiles (<0.3 microm in diameter) clustered in bundles alongside normal caliber axons in dysmyelinated LES rats but not in normal myelinated Long Evans (LE) rats. These putative axon profiles resembled sprouting axons previously described in the CNS. Moreover, the high number of small putative axon profiles could not be accounted for by any significant increases in the number of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer when compared with normal rats as evaluated by using a variety of techniques. This finding suggests that the observed clusters of putative axon profiles were not due to developmental abnormalities in the retina but to the lack of myelin in the optic nerves of LES rats. The adult LES rat, therefore, may serve as a useful model to study the role of myelin in regulating axon development or axon regeneration after CNS injury in the adult mammalian system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".