Characteristics of the locomotor-like muscle activity during orthotic gait in paraplegic persons
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We previously found that orthotic gait training can induce 'locomotor-like' coordinated muscle activity of the paralyzed lower limb in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of the present study was to characterize the locomotor-like muscle activity based on data obtained from electromyographic recordings and motion analysis during orthotic gait in nine motor complete SCI subjects. Seven of nine subjects showed a common EMG activation pattern mainly in the ankle (soleus: Sol) and hip extensor (biceps femoris: BF) muscles. The locomotor-like muscle activity was well synchronized with the gait cycle, namely, the EMG amplitude of both Sol and BF muscle had common temporal relationships with the ground reaction force, and hip and ankle joint motions. While the presence or absence of the EMG activity during orthotic gait was consistent with those of mechanically-induced stretch reflex, the duration and amount area of the locomotor-like muscle activity were significantly longer than those of the stretch reflex in the Sol muscle. Moreover, the Sol EMG magnitude had strong relevance to hip as well as ankle angular velocities. These results indicate that the locomotor-like muscle activity during orthotic gait is not a mere reflex response, but includes an activity of the central pattern generator (CPG) and its interaction with afferent inputs. Orthotic gait training for complete SCI persons might have a potential to activate the spinal locomotor center.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it