Experimental Investigation of the Instability of a Heated Meniscus in a Capillary Tube
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental study on the instability of a heated meniscus in a capillary tube is conducted to explain some of the temperature oscillations observed in the operation of loop heat pipes. In the past, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the oscillations. Oscillations resulting from the location of the liquid-vapor interface inside the condenser or insufficient fluid charging are now well understood. Marangoni-driven interface instabilities were also proposed as a potential mechanism for oscillatory behavior. The present work will focus on the Marangoni-driven instabilities. Experimental results from testing conducted in ambient and in a saturated pentane environment will be presented. The capillary structure found in heat pipes is approximated experimentally using a glass capillary tube. The behavior of the interface is observed by using a video camera. The experimental results consist of visual observation of the interface and temperature measurements. The influence of several parameters leading to the destabilization of the evaporating meniscus is discussed. Due to varying heat loads and sink conditions encountered in space applications, the LHP may experience undesirable temperature oscillations; however, these oscillations can be avoided by appropriate countermeasures. Based on the experimental results of this work, it is concluded that a wick with a smaller pore size will be more resistant to the meniscus instability; thus, the extent of low amplitude/high frequency oscillations can be limited, or in some cases, eliminated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".