Dietary Measures and Exercise Training Contribute to Improvement of Endothelial Function and Atherosclerosis Even in Patients Given Intensive Pharmacologic Therapy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief PURPOSE: Atherosclerosis contributes to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity even with aggressive lipid management. Our objective is to determine whether a combined pharmacological and lifestyle intervention can improve atherosclerosis. METHODS: We conducted a 2-year observational study at a specialized clinic in a tertiary care hospital. One hundred fifty-six subjects with coronary disease were enrolled in an intensive pharmacological management and lifestyle measures (including counseling and exercise training) program designed to reach specific targets. The main outcome measures were carotid intima media thickness and plaque area; brachial artery flow-mediated dilation; nitroglycerin-mediated dilation; flow-mediated dilation-nitroglycerin-mediated dilation ratio; laboratory parameters including lipids, glucose, creatinine, and homocysteine; and physical fitness. RESULTS: At completion, there were improvements in lipids and physical fitness. There were no overall changes in flow-mediated dilation, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, or carotid intima media thickness in the entire cohort. However, multivariate logistic regression showed that dietary and exercise variables, such as increasing fiber intake and reducing body weight and body fat percentage, were independent predictors of improvements in endothelial function and carotid plaque burden. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the setting of intensive pharmacological therapy, lifestyle interventions, including exercise training and dietary changes, are important determinants of improved endothelial function and atherosclerosis. One hundred fifty-six subjects with coronary disease were enrolled in an intensive pharmacological and lifestyle management clinic. After 2 years, there were improvements in lipids and physical fitness. Multivariate logistic regression showed that dietary and exercise variables were independent predictors of improvements in endothelial function and carotid plaque burden.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it