Orexigenic Actions of Ghrelin in Goldfish: Feeding-Induced Changes in Brain and Gut mRNA Expression and Serum Levels, and Responses to Central and Peripheral Injections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we examined (i) the preprandial, postprandial and starvation-induced changes in the preproghrelin mRNA expression and serum ghrelin levels, and (ii) the effects of intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal administration of ghrelin on food intake in goldfish. Slot blot analysis revealed a significant postprandial decrease in preproghrelin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus (1 and 3 h after feeding) and gut (3 h after feeding). A similar postprandial decrease (1 and 3 h after feeding) in serum ghrelin levels was also detected. In the fish that were unfed at the regular feeding time, the hypothalamic preproghrelin mRNA expression and the serum ghrelin levels remained unchanged, while the preproghrelin mRNA expression in the gut decreased 3 h after the regular feeding time. Starvation increased preproghrelin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and gut on the 7th day. Serum ghrelin levels were significantly elevated on days 3 and 5 of starvation. Intracerebroventricular injections of n-octanoylated ghrelin-like peptides (gGRL([1-12])) (10 ng/g body weight) and human ghrelin (1 and 10 ng/g body weight) and intraperitoneal injections of n-octanoylated gGRL([1-12]) (10 ng/g body weight), gGRL([1-19]) (100 ng/g body weight) and human ghrelin (10 and 100 ng/g body weight) stimulated food intake in goldfish. The patterns of synthesis, secretion and actions indicate that ghrelin is an orexigen in goldfish.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".