Upholding the Land Legislation of a 'Communistic and Socialist Assembly': The Benefits of Confederation for Prince Edward Island
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most accounts of Prince Edward Island's entry into Confederation note that the federal government provided the Island with $800,000 for buying out the landlords who held large blocks of Island land, but few accounts recognize that money alone would not end landlordism if the landlords were unwilling to sell their estates. Until Confederation, landlords and the Colonial Office, acting at landlords' behest, resisted legislation to compel the landlords to sell their estates. After Confederation, landlords continued to resist, but the Colonial Office left the supervision of Island land legislation to Canada's governor general. On its second try, the Island obtained royal assent for legislation compelling the landlords to sell their estates at a price to be set by a three-person commission. When the newly created Supreme Court of Canada rejected the landlords' challenge to the awards made under the legislation, the Island was free to complete the expropriation of all large Island estates. Without the often-overlooked element of compulsion, the Island could not have used its $800,000 to create a more equitable distribution of land resources. La plupart des comptes rendus de l'entrée de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard au sein de la confédération soulignent que le gouvernement fédéral a fourni 800 000 $ à l'Île pour faire des acquisitions auprès des propriétaires terriens qui possédaient de grandes parties des terres de l'île. Cependant, peu de ces comptes rendus reconnaissent que l'argent ne suffirait pas à mettre fin au règne des propriétaires terriens si ces derniers refusaient de vendre leurs terres. Jusqu'à la confédération, les propriétaires terriens et le ministère des Colonies, agissant pour le compte des propriétaires, ont résisté à la réglementation visant à inciter les propriétaires à vendre leurs terres. Après la confédération, les propriétaires ont continué à résister, mais le ministère des Colonies a délégué la supervision des lois relatives aux terres de l'île au Gouverneur général du Canada. Lors de sa deuxième tentative, l'Île a obtenu la sanction royale pour l'adoption d'une loi exigeant des propriétaires qu'ils vendent leurs terres à un prix qui serait établi par une commission constituée de trois personnes. Une fois que la Cour suprême du Canada, qui venait d'être créée, ai rejeté l'appel présenté par les propriétaires terriens à l'égard des prix établis en vertu de la loi, l'Île a été en mesure de terminer l'expropriation de tous les vastes domaines qui se trouvaient sur l'île. Sans cet élément d'obligation, que l'on tend souvent à négliger, l'Île n'aurait pas pu utiliser ses 800 000 $ pour obtenir une distribution plus équitable des terres.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".