Liver Metastases in Prostate Carcinoma Represent a Relatively Aggressive Subtype Refractory to Hormonal Therapy and Short-Duration Response to Docetaxel Monotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We report a single institution's experience from a small series of patients suggesting that liver metastasis in metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer (mCRPC) represents a relatively aggressive subtype that is refractory to hormonal manipulation treatment, including luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LA) and abiraterone (Ab) therapy, although docetaxel is briefly effective. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2013, six patients with prostate cancer with liver metastases were analyzed. Biochemical response was defined as > 50% decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value. RESULTS: Two patients who presented with liver metastases died in less than 3 months after LA therapy. Two out of three patients (one died while receiving chemotherapy) received Ab after chemotherapy did not show any response and died while on therapy. One patient who presented with lung metastases initially received LA therapy and progressed on it with liver metastases in < 6 months. Thus, five of six patients did not respond to hormone therapy including LA and Ab. Three patients who received docetaxel after LA therapy had more than 50% objective PSA response with a mean survival of 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: No literature addresses the response to hormone treatment in hepatic metastasis in prostate carcinoma. This small series suggests that liver metastases in prostate carcinoma represent a relatively aggressive subset against which hormonal therapy, including the LA and Ab, appears to be ineffective. Although our patients responded to docetaxel chemotherapy, their responses were of short duration. A further clinical trial involving more patients will be necessary to substantiate our findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".