Thoracoscopic Transpleural Azygos Vein Cannulation as Vascular Access for Hemodialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temporary hemodialysis is conventionally performed by accessing either the jugular, the femoral, or the subclavian veins. Repetitive or chronic use of these venous sites may lead to complications such as thrombosis of the superior vena cava. Alternative venous accesses have been described. The purpose of this acute experiment is to evaluate in 8 female pigs the feasibility and immediate complications associated with the transpleural cannulation of the azygos vein performed under thoracoscopy. All animals survived the experiment. There were 5 successful cannulations. There was one termination of the procedure and 2 conversions to thoracotomy because of bleeding which, even if minor, hindered the view of the operation field. There was one lung injury caused by a retractor. In conclusion, the thoracoscopic technique was found to be feasible and could become an alternative access in patients with unsuitable conventional central venous access. Further investigation could validate our findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".