IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS FOUND IN RECREATIONAL AND COMPETITIVE FEMALE ATHLETES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The identification of Female Athlete Triad was first classified in 1992 as a syndrome that affected high level female athletes suffering from disordered eating, ammenorhea and osteoporosis. Through case study and literature searches, it is now becoming evident that many female athletes involved in recreational sport may also be at risk for developing one or more elements of Female Athlete Triad. As the burden of health becomes evident we must begin to examine the relevance and impact of risk factors that will assist us in early identification, evidence-based treatment and prevention programs. PURPOSE To examine and analyze the multiple risk factors related to the development and diagnosis of Female Athlete Triad as captured in a multi-disciplinary sport medicine clinic. This is a feasibility trial to establish parameters for a larger multi-centered study. METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive chart review on 21 patients who attended a sport medicine program and were identified as requiring multi-disciplinary treatment for one or more components of the Female Athlete Triad. Telephone verification interviews were conducted. Ethics approval was applied and received. Analysis on outcome measures included; demographics, injury history, BMI (body mass index), hours of training, social history, treatment interventions and body image perceptions among others. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: The prevalence of the three components of female athlete triad was not homogenous across the population: DSM-IV Eating Disorder(30%), Ammenorrhea (20%) and Decreased Bone Mineral Density or Stress Fracture(40%). An increased relative prevalence of all three disorders was associated with recreational exercise and running. Relevant risk factors for development of triad symptomotolgy included a BMI of <20 and hours of training of >20 hrs/week. The presence of injury was noted as a strong risk factor for development of disordered eating behaviours. CONCLUSION The strong presence of stress fracture without ammenorrhea or DSM-IV Eating Disorder may be a variation of Female Athlete Triad Syndrome that does not progress to involve the other components if identified and treated early. The correlation of the “20 factor” being a BMI of under 20 and over 20 hours of training per week in either recreational or competitive sport may be a “red flag” indicating further intervention and assessment is warranted. The continued support for a multifactorial etiology of Female Athlete Triad was confirmed. Further studies with larger population samples and greater sport diversity are recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".