Differential habitat use by Acadian Nelson's sharp-tailed sparrows: implications for regional conservation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni) that breed along the Atlantic coast of North America (Acadian subspecies subvirgatus) are considered saltmarsh specialists. However, these sparrows occasionally use upland habitats, such as hayfields. To evaluate the importance of hayfields as breeding habitat, we studied populations of A. n. subvirgatus in saltmarsh and hayfields in Nova Scotia, Canada, in 2004 and 2005. We monitored relative abundance and breeding phenology at 64 point-count stations (48 in hayfields and 16 in saltmarsh) and used an ordinal (0–5) observational index to quantify reproductive activity. A. n. subvirgatus showed more evidence of reproductive activity in saltmarsh (44% of point-count stations) than hayfields (28%; P= 0.07). However, there was no difference in either mean reproductive activity (saltmarsh = 0.83, hayfields = 0.53; P= 0.69) or mean relative abundance (saltmarsh = 0.27, hayfields = 0.26; P= 0.93). Although A. n. subvirgatus apparently breeds primarily in saltmarsh, hayfields appear to be an alternative breeding habitat. Use of hayfield habitat by A. n. subvirgtus, however, seems to vary between southern Maine and eastern Canada, suggesting that management plans will require approaches uniquely tailored to specific regions. La subespecie Acadian del Gorrión de Nelson (Ammodramus nelsoni subvirgatus), que se reproduce a lo largo de la costa del Atlántico en Norte América, es considerada un especialista de marjales. Sin embargo, estos gorriones han sido observados (ocasionalmente) usar habitats de tierras altas como sembrados de heno. Para evaluar la importancia de las siembras de heno como habitat reproductivo del ave, estudiamos poblaciones de la subespecie subvirgatus del Gorrion de Nelson que se reprodujeron en marjales y en campos de heno, en Nova Scotia, Canada durante el 2004 y el 2005. Monitoreamos la abundancia relativa y la fenología reproductiva en 64 estaciones de punto (48 en campos de heno y 16 en marjales) y utilizamos un índice de observación (0-5) para cuantificar la actividad reproductiva. Se encontró evidencia de mayor actividad reproductiva en los marjales (44% de las estaciones) que en los campos de heno (28%; P= 0.07). Sin embargo, no se encontró diferencia en la actividad promedio reproductiva (marjales = 0.83, campos de heno = 0.53; P= 0.93). Aunque el ave anida principalmente en marjales, los campos de heno parecen ser un buen habitat alterno para la reproducción. El uso de campos de heno, parece variar entre localidades como el sur de Maine y el este de Canada, lo que sugiere que los planes de manejo tienen que amoldarse con especificidad a cada región.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".