Gas-Phase Reactions of Atomic Lanthanide Cations with Sulfur Hexafluoride: Periodicity in Reactivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Room-temperature reactions of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) have been surveyed systematically with atomic lanthanide cations (Ln+, excluding Pm+) in the gas phase, using an inductively coupled plasma/selected-ion flow tube (ICP/SIFT) tandem mass spectrometer. Rate coefficients and product distributions were measured in helium at a pressure of 0.35 Torr and temperature of 295 K. All the Ln+ cations were observed to react efficiently (k/kc > 0.24) and predominantly by single and multiple F atom and fluoride abstraction to produce both LnFn+ and SFn+(where n = 1, 2, 3). The observed periodic trend in reaction efficiency along the lanthanide row matches the periodic trend in the electron-promotion energy of the Ln+ cation. A remarkable Arrhenius-like correlation is observed for the dependence of reactivity on promotion energy: the early and late lanthanide cations exhibit effective temperatures of 45 500 and 14 000 K, respectively. SFn+ product ions are observed to be unreactive with SF6, whereas up to two molecules of SF6 have been observed to add to LnFn+ product ions under the experimental operating conditions of the ICP/SIFT tandem mass spectrometer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".