Posttraumatic syringomyelia: predisposing factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Posttraumatic spinal cord cavitation (syrinx) and progressive myelopathy associated with a posttraumatic syrinx (PTS) have been recognized for many years. Predisposing factors for PTS have not been well defined. All symptomatic PTS patients (n = 58) treated at the University of Toronto neurosurgical units over 30 years were analysed retrospectively to discover risk factors for the development of PTS. There were 46 males and 12 females (mean age 42.2 years); 28 patients had cervical (CSCI), and 30 had thoracic and lumbar spinal cord injuries (TSCI). Neurological deficit was complete in 40 (69%) compared with 43% complete injuries in the concurrent spinal and injury (SCI) population in general (p = 0.0003). Onset of PTS was earlier with: increasing age (p < 0.02), cervical and thoracic levels of injury (p < 0.007 and p < 0.02, respectively, compared with lumbar injuries), dislocated fractures (p < 0.003) and spinal surgery (p < 0.001) and, marginally, with complete SCI (p = 0.06). Mean time to onset of PTS appears to have decreased in recent years (p < 0.0001). PTS follows complete spinal cord injury (SCI) more often than incomplete and is frequently associated with arachnoiditis. Onset is earlier with increasing age, cervical and thoracic levels compared with lumbar, displaced fractures and spinal instrumentation without decompression. A group of SCI patients who are at greater risk of developing early PTS is thus identified, facilitating cost-effective follow-up.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".