Red smudge infection modifies sprouting response in four wheat lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spikes by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. (Ptr) causes kernel discolouration, reducing the commercial value of the grain. Preharvest sprouting in wheat causes loss of grain yield, grain functionality and value as seed. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of Ptr infection on the expression of preharvest sprouting response. Four genotypes representing a range of preharvest sprouting response were studied: RL4137 has very good sprouting resistance; SC8021V2, good; AC Karma, fair; and Genesis, poor. These genotypes were grown in a growth cabinet and their spikes were artificially inoculated with a conidial suspension of Ptr or water. Spikes were collected at physiologic maturity, threshed by hand and germinated on wetted filter paper at 10 or 20°C to obtain a percentage germination and a mean germination time. Healthy seeds were also germinated in a solution containing a crude extract of the fungus. At 20°C, sprouting-resistant genotypes showed a significant delay in germination compared to susceptible genotypes; however, differences were not significant at the lower temperature. Genesis germinated quickly at both temperatures. All genotypes except Genesis had reductions in sprouting resistance when infected by Ptr, but these effects were significant only at 20°C. When inoculated with Ptr and germinated at 20°C, AC Karma germinated as quickly as the water controls and gave a preharvest sprouting response similar to Genesis. However, SC8021V2 and RL4137 inoculated with Ptr retained 40 and 78%, respectively, of their mean germination time compared to the water controls. Germination of healthy seeds in a solution containing a crude extract of Ptr increased the percentage germination and shortened the mean germination time of all genotypes, but did not result in significant changes for any individual line. Key words: Triticum, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, preharvest sprouting, smudge
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".