Effectiveness of fungicidal seed treatments applied to smooth or shrivelled soybean seeds contaminated by Diaporthe phaseolorum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of 11 fungicides on six lots of soybean (Glycine max) seed produced in Ontario in 1986-1987 and contaminated with Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora (7-76%) and D. phaseolorum var. sojae (5-19%) was examined. Phomopsis longicolla also contaminated three of these seed lots at low rates (1-2%). The fungicide Vitaflo-280®, a mix of carbathiin and thiram, increased soybean seedling emergence, plant stand at harvest and seed yield, and decreased the severity of stem infection when applied to three lots of discolored and shrivelled seed, but was ineffective when applied to three lots of bright and smooth seed. The effectiveness of this product was not related to the incidence of contaminated seed. A further 10 fungicidal products were similarly effective and ineffective when applied to shrivelled and smooth seed lots, respectively. The most effective active ingredients were thiram, carbathiin, benomyl and captan, and the most effective commercial products available in Ontario were Vitaflo-280®, Vitavax P®, Thiram 320F®, and Anchor®. The maximum increase in seed yield was 60.5%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".