The Shadow of Terrorism: Competing Identities and Loyalties among Tamil Canadians
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allegations of terrorism have caused immigrant populations to be questioned with respect to their political identities and their national loyalties. Even among populations that have been raised primarily in their country of settlement, there is a concern regarding their level of attachment to the homeland. The process by which these second generation populations determine their loyalties and identities is complex and dynamic. This paper examines how Tamil Canadians negotiate both their personal and political identities in a charged environment, particularly following the designation of the Tamil Tigers as a terrorist organization. Based on in-depth interviews conducted with second-generation Sri Lankan Tamils in Toronto, the paper explores how the members of the diasporic community negotiate their Canadian and Tamil identities, and the process through which they determine their loyalties between Sri Lanka—their homeland—and Canada—their country of settlement. Suite à des allégations de terrorisme, des populations immigrantes se sont vu questionner sur l’engagement de leur identité politique et de leur loyauté nationale. Même chez les personnes ayant grandi principalement dans leur pays d’accueil, il demeure une inquiétude quant à leur attachement au pays d’origine. Le processus par lequel ces populations de seconde génération déterminent leur engagement est complexe et dynamique. Dans cet article, nous examinons comment les Canadiens tamouls négocient une identité composite, à la fois sur le plan personnel et politique et dans un environnent complexe, en particulier après la désignation des Tigres tamouls comme organisation terroriste. À partir d’entrevues réalisées en profondeur auprès de Tamouls sri lankais de seconde génération vivant à Toronto, nous explorons dans cet article comment les membres de la diaspora négocient leur double identité canadienne et tamoule, ainsi que le processus par lequel ils déterminent leur loyauté envers le Sri Lanka — leur pays d’origine — et le Canada — leur pays d’accueil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.024 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".