Effect of Danshao Huaxian capsule on Gremlin and bone morphogenetic protein-7 expression in hepatic fibrosis in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To observe the effect of Danshao Huaxian capsule (DHC) on the expression of Gremlin and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in the liver of hepatic fibrosis rats. METHODS: A total of 75 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (A), a CCl₄-induced hepatic fibrosis model group (B), a natural recovery group (C), a low-dose DHC-treated group (D), and a high-dose DHC-treated group (E), with 15 rats in each group. Liver fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and a high-lipid/low-protein diet for 8 wk, except for the rats in group A. Then, the rats in the two DHC-treated groups were administered 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg DHC by gastrogavage once per day for 8 successive weeks, respectively. By the end of the experiment, the level of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the liver homogenate was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA and protein expression of Gremlin and BMP-7 in the liver tissue was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, an immunohistochemical assay, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Compared with group A, the level of TGF-β1 and the mRNA and protein expression of Gremlin were significantly higher in group B (TGF-β1: 736.30 ± 24.40 μg/g vs 284.20 ± 18.32 μg/g, P < 0.01; mRNA of Gremlin: 80.40 ± 5.46 vs 49.83 ± 4.20, P < 0.01; positive protein expression rate of Gremlin: 38.46% ± 1.70% vs 3.83% ± 0.88%, P < 0.01; relative protein expression of Gremlin: 2.81 ± 0.24 vs 0.24 ± 0.06, P < 0.01), and the mRNA and protein expression of BMP-7 was significantly lower in group B (mRNA: 54.00 ± 4.34 vs 93.99 ± 7.03, P < 0.01; positive protein expression rate: 28.97% ± 3.14% vs 58.29% ± 6.02, P < 0.01; relative protein expression: 0.48 ± 0.31 vs 1.05 ± 0.12, P < 0.01). Compared with groups B and C, the degree of hepatic fibrosis was significantly improved, and the level of TGF-β1 and the mRNA and protein expression of Gremlin were significantly lowered in the two DHC-treated groups (TGF-β1: 523.14 ± 21.29 μg/g, 441.86 ± 23.18 μg/g vs 736.30 ± 24.40 μg/g, 651.13 ± 15.75 μg/g, P < 0.01; mRNA of Gremlin: 64.86 ± 2.83, 55.82 ± 5.39 vs 80.40 ± 5.46, 70.37 ± 4.01, P < 0.01; positive protein expression rate of Gremlin: 20.78% ± 1.60%, 17.43% ± 2.02% vs 38.46% ± 1.70%, 29.50% ± 2.64%, P < 0.01; relative protein expression of Gremlin: 1.95 ± 0.26, 1.65 ± 0.20 vs 2.81 ± 0.24, 2.22 ± 0.63, P < 0.01), and the mRNA and protein expression of BMP-7 was higher in the two DHC-treated groups (mRNA: 73.52 ± 4.56, 81.78 ± 5.38 vs 54.00 ± 4.34, 62.28 ± 4.51, P < 0.01; positive protein expression rate: 41.44% ± 4.77%, 47.49% ± 4.59% vs 28.97% ± 3.14%, 35.85% ± 3.50%, P < 0.01; relative protein expression: 0.71 ± 0.06, 0.81 ± 0.07 vs 0.48 ± 0.31, 0.60 ± 0.37, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic mechanism of DHC for hepatic fibrosis in rats may be associated with inhibition of the expression of Gremlin and up-regulation of the expression of BMP-7.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".