A semi-permanent method for fixing sand beds in laboratory flumes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new flume bed-sediment hardening method employing a surficial layer of plaster of Paris coated by spar urethane has been developed and tested for sand beds. Unlike existing bed-hardening techniques, this method is gentle enough to be used in and subsequently removed from a laboratory flume made of Plexiglas, yet is durable enough to last several days under flowing water. Tests showed that artificially fixed beds withstand an estimated bed shear stress of up to 0.251 N/m2 for 52 h. The effects of the hardening technique on bed roughness were evaluated. A mean absolute difference in the bed roughness estimate between fixed and loose beds of 0.166 mm was found when tested on a sand bed. Although roughness estimates seemed reasonable, standard deviations were high. Further testing under a wider range of flow conditions and sediment sizes is required to assess the effect of the hardening technique on roughness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".