Development of biomechanical measures to assist in the prediction of early progression in idiopathic scoliosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a class of paediatric spinal deformities that has historically posed a significant challenge to the orthopaedic and scientific community. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms associated with the early progression to advanced stages that require surgical intervention is limited. Current clinical models of assessment provide limited insight into the biomechanical and neuromuscular factors that contribute to the alignment and stability of the spine. There is an emerging recognition that new insight into the factors that affect spinal stability and the progression of a spinal deformity may be gained by expanding current observational techniques beyond the clinic. Technological innovations and advancements in analytical techniques have provided a unique opportunity to develop measurements of neuromuscular function and spinal stability. The overall aim of our present work is to develop new biomechanical measures that will provide insight into the factors that contribute to the early progression of IS. The first specific aim of this pilot project is to further develop a technique that will provide a localized estimate of the asymmetric positioning of the Centre of Mass (COM) in relation to the underlying skeletal structures of the pelvis (sacrum) and spine (apex of spinal curvature). The second specific aim is to determine the association between these measures with persistent asymmetric posture and muscle activation patterns during the performance of dynamic activities that are typical of every day life. To achieve these objectives we are currently developing a mixed methods approach that includes the coupling of a radiological, biomechanical and ambulatory monitoring assessment. This includes a 3D assessment of the spine utilizing EOS to characterize the spinal deformity, and a dynamic assessment that is focused on characterizing the dynamic patterns of muscle activity and movement. This latter component of the project involves an in laboratory biomechanical assessment with a multiple camera Vicon and 16 channel EMG system, and an out of lab ambulatory monitoring assessment. This initial study will provide the foundation to conduct future work focused on identifying new biomechanical factors that are positively associated with the early progression of IS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".