The Effect of Wood Drying on Crystallinity and Microfibril Angle in Black Spruce<i>(Picea mariana)</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The effect of drying on wood cellulose crystallinity, crystallite size, and microfibril angle was investigated using wide angle X-ray diffraction. Forty replicated specimens of black spruce (Picea mariana) wood were dried at constant temperatures of 40°C and 80°C and relative humidities of 34% and 47% in attempts to attain samples possessing final moisture content of 15% and 8% at each temperature. X-ray evaluation of wood specimens, comparing individual samples pre- and post-drying, revealed that both the mass fraction of crystalline cellulose and crystallite width increased with drying. In contrast, mean microfibril angle of the wood was not significantly affected by drying. It was also apparent that the changes in wood ultrastructure resulting from drying were not influenced by the drying conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, and final moisture contents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".