Renal anaemia - CKD 5D
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Hepcidin synthesis occurs in response to iron overload, inflammation and inhibition of erythropoiesis in patients with hemodialysis (HD).In this study, we investigated the early response of hepcidin-25 (hep) to administration of short-acting epoetin-beta (epo) and long-acting methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin-beta (PEG-epo) and whether these erythropoietin drugs (rHuEPO) make a difference in ferrokinetics of HD patients.Methods: The study included 9 patients with HD but no diabetes mellitus (4 men and 5 women with a mean age of 59 ± 7.0 years and a mean duration of HD of 120 ± 95 months).Serum levels of hep were measured before and 3, 6, 9 and 18 hours after intravenous injection with either epo or PEG-epo.The measurements of hep in response to epo or PEG-epo were performed using the same patients separately at an interval of 2 years.The hep level was measured using a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method.Serum levels of ferritin, haemoglobin (Hb), and CRP were measured at the start of dialysis.Data are expressed as mean ± SD.Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher`s exact probability test.Results: Serum ferritin level was 38.2 ± 50.3ng/mL when epo was given, which did not differ significantly from that (15.3 ± 11.1ng/mL) when PEG-epo was given.The hep level was significantly increased from the basal level of 6.8 ± 9.8ng/mL to 15.9 ± 20.9ng/mL at 6 hours after epo administration, and decreased significantly at 18 hours (4.6 ± 8.7 ng/mL).The hep level was significantly increased from the basal level of 10.9 ± 13.6 to 25.0 ± 29.3ng/mL at 6 hours after PEG-epo administration, and decreased at 18 hours (15.2 ± 18.1 ng/mL).There was no difference in the time-course effects of epo and PEG-epo on serum hep levels.Based on the basal ferritin level, we divided 18 samples into two groups; high ferritin group: 7 samples with serum fer level of > 15.0 ng/mL and lower ferritin group: 11 samples with lower limits of normal.In the lower ferritin group, the hep level was 5.0 ng/mL or less at all 5 measurement time points.However, in the high ferritin group, the hep level was significantly increased from the basal level of 19.8 ± 12.0 to 46.8 ± 19.8 ng/mL at 6 hours after rHuEPO administration.There was no difference in the number of samples taken from the patients receiving PEG-epo between the two groups.The Hb levels did not differ between the low ferritin group (10.6 ± 2.6g/dL) and the high ferritin group (11.2 ± 0.7g/dL).The values for CRP were < 0.1 mg/dl at all measurements.Conclusions: Our data suggest that up-regulation of hepcidin-25 in the early phase of rHuEPO-induced erythropoiesis, which occurs regardless of short-or long-acting agents, is dependent on serum ferritin levels in HD patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".