Radiographic Analysis of Newly Developed Degenerative Spondylolisthesis in a Mean Twelve-Year Prospective Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Study Design. Prospective study of community-based female volunteers. Objective. To investigate the incidence of newly developed degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) among those without baseline deformity, and to clarify radiographic characteristics and predictors of DS. Summary of Background Data. There has been limited number of prospective studies of DS. Our on-going cohort study of healthy volunteers enabled long-term observation of highly susceptible perimenopause female subjects. Methods. A final total of 142 female subjects without spondylolisthesis at baseline radiographs were included and followed up for more than 8 years. Standardized serial entire spine radiographs were used to measure spinopelvic alignment, including pelvic incidence (PI), vertebral inclination angle, disc height, vertebral size, and facet orientation. Results. The incidence of newly developed DS was 12.7%. Comparison between DS and non-DS subjects demonstrated that DS subjects had significantly greater baseline lumbar lordosis, PI, vertebral inclination angle, and smaller vertebral size. Exaggerated lumbopelvic alignment was more prominent in L3-DS than in L4-DS, and L4-DS was associated with the decrease in L4/5 disc height. Multivariate analysis revealed that PI, L4 vertebral inclination, adjusted vertebral size, and facet sagittalization were independent predictors of the development of DS. Conclusion. This was the first study to confirm the relationship of PI and the development of DS in a long-term prospective observation. Proposed pathogenetic differences might explain the fact that L4-DS is far more prevalent than L3-DS. The development of DS could be predicted by baseline lumbopelvic morphology among the highly susceptible perimenopause women. A mean 12-year prospective study of 142 community-based female volunteers without spondylolisthesis at baseline has been conducted, and the incidence of spondylolisthesis was found to be 12.7%, which could be predicted by baseline lumbopelvic morphology, including pelvic incidence. Pathogenetic differences between L3 and L4 spondylolisthesis were also demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".