A fluorescent host-guest complex of cucurbituril in solution: a molecular Jack O'Lantern
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fluorescence enhancement of a probe molecule in solution by the container molecule cucurbituril (CB) is reported for the first time. The fluorescence of the probe 2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonate (2,6-ANS) in aqueous Na 2 SO 4 solution is found to increase by a maximum factor of 5.0 upon addition of cucurbituril. This fluorescence enhancement is the result of the formation of a hostguest inclusion complex, in which the guest 2,6-ANS is incorporated inside the cavity of the host, cucurbituril. Measurement of the enhancement as a function of cucurbituril concentration yielded a value of the equilibrium constant (K) of 52 ± 10 M 1 . It is proposed that the mode of inclusion involves the phenyl group of the 2,6-ANS, because of the relatively small size of the cucurbituril cavity. It is further proposed that the observed enhancement is a result of loss of rotational mobility of the phenyl ring relative to the naphthyl fluorophore of 2,6-ANS upon inclusion of the phenyl ring. Since the name cucurbituril is derived from the Latin word for "pumpkin," this fluorescent host-guest complex is referred to as a "molecular Jack O'Lantern," with the 2,6-ANS serving as the candle.Key words: hostguest chemistry, fluorescence, cucurbituril, inclusion compounds.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it