Long-term effect of placement of fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus on barley yields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experiment that was established in 1990 to assess depth and method of placement of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer on the yield of continuous barley (with 1 yr interruption with canola in 1995) was continued to 2001. Annually, 80 kg N ha -1 were banded either at 7.5 to 10 or 15 to 17.5 cm depth alone or in combination with 40 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ; the latter was either seedrow placed or banded with the N (dual banding), or split 1/2 in the seedrow and 1/2 in the band. An unfertilized control was maintained in all years. Temperature after seeding had a marked effect on the effectiveness of depth of N and P placement as well as the method of P placement. Shallow (7.5 to 10 cm depth) placement resulted in greater yields in 8 of the 11 yr that barley was grown and was never inferior to deeper placement (15 to 17.5 cm); this advantage was directly related to cooler-than-normal temperature after seeding. Cooler-than-normal temperatures also resulted in benefits from seedrow placed P; however, benefits were not as frequent as those obtained by either dual banding or splitting P between seedrow and the band. It would appear that overall benefits from banding P together with N (dual band), independently of the depth of banding, are greater than those from seedrow placing, as those benefits from the latter are less frequent and of considerably less magnitude. Key words: Band, dual band, seedrow, shallow, deep
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".