Hydrogen fertilization of soils – is this a benefit of legumes in rotation?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hydrogen gas (H2) is an obligate byproduct of the N2‐fixing enzyme, nitrogenase, claiming about 5–6% of the crops’ net photosynthesis but most, if not all of the H2 lost from nodules is oxidized by the soil surrounding the root system of the plant. When soils not recently used to support the growth of legumes were exposed to H2 gas at a rate and duration similar to that of soil adjacent to legume nodules, the fertility of the soil was enhanced in comparison with soil treated with air. Under growth‐chamber and field conditions, H2‐treated soils improved the growth performance of spring wheat, canola, barley and soybean (non‐symbiotic) when compared with untreated soils or with soils pretreated with air. The dry weights of 4‐ to 7‐week‐old plants were 15–48% greater in the H2‐treated soil, and in barley and spring wheat, tiller number of 7‐week‐old plants were 36 and 48% greater in the H2‐treated soils. These findings may contribute to an explanation for the persistence of H2 evolving associations in agricultural legume symbioses selected for high yields (Uratsu et al., Crop Science 22, 600–602, 1982) and suggest that it may be possible to isolate, identify and culture the micro‐organisms that are responsible for at least some of the benefits of legumes in crop rotation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".