Electric conductance method to study the contact of injected liquid with fluidized particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A sensitive and reliable experimental technique was developed to assess the performance of gas‐atomization nozzles injecting liquid into a gas‐solid fluidized bed. Gas atomizers are used to inject liquid feeds into industrial fluid cokers, fluid catalytic crackers, and gas‐phase polymerization reactors. In the fluid coking process, for example, both liquid yields and reactor operability are affected by how well the injected liquid contacts the fluidized particles. The new experimental method assesses the quality of the liquid‐solid contact from the electric conductance of the bed solids wetted with the injected liquid. The validity of the method was corroborated by direct comparison with the results provided by alternative experimental techniques, as well as by numerical modeling of the evolution of the bed conductance for various types of liquid distribution within the bed solids. The electric conductance technique can help optimize liquid injection into fluidized beds. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".