A pleistocene frost-heaved dome in palaeozoic limestone at Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A dome in Palaeozoic limestone at Kingston is 7.5 m in diameter as revealed in a roadcut and about 11 m at its maximum as indicated by ground-penetrating radar. The centre has been displaced 1.5 m upward in the exposure and up to 2.5 m internally in a circular arch. The dome appears to be roughly circular in plan and up-arching of the limestone extends to about 17 m depth. The dome has been eroded to a nearly plane surface by glaciation as indicated by striations on limestone blocks at the surface. Based on similarity of form to features in modern periglacial environments, the dome is proposed to have originated by frost heaving of bedrock before the late Wisconsinan glaciation of southern Ontario. This is the first report of such a feature, and recognition of their occurrence in formerly periglacial regimes should provide a useful tool in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Un dôme développé dans des calcaires plaéozoïques a été observé lors de l'excavation d'une tranchée à Kingston. Le diamètre de la forme telle qu'elle est apparue dans la tranchée, est de 7.5 m; à son maximum, il atteindrait 11 m selon une prospection radar. Le soulèvement visible dans la tranchée est de 1.5 m, mais le soulèvement maximum serait de plus de 2.5 m formerait ainsi une arche. Le dôme est approximativement circulaire en plan et le soulèvement s'étend jusqu'à une profondeur d'environ 17 m. Le dôme a été raboté par un glacier jusqu'à une surface presque plane en laissant des stries en surface sur les blocs de calcaire. Etant donné la similitude de forme avec des phénomènes connus actuellement dans les environnements périglaciaires actuels, ce dôme est interprété comme résultant d'un soulèvement par le gel du bedrock, soulèvement antérieur á la dernière phase glaciaire qui a recouvert l'Ontario méridional. Le présent article est la première description d'un phénomène périglaciaire fossile de ce type. La reconnaissance de phénomènes semblables pourrait fournir un outil utile pour des reconstructions paléoenvironnementales. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.069 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".