Reduction of metal oxides by carbon in graphite furnaces. Part 2. Temporal oscillations in atomic absorption during the process of slow evaporation of Al, Mn and Yb oxides in spatially isothermal and non-isothermal graphite atomizers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temporal oscillations in the kinetics of carbothermal reduction of Al, Mn and Yb oxides in spatially isothermal side-heated tubes were investigated in the first part of this study. Microgram amounts of the elements, as their nitrates, were evaporated during slow heating (1–20 K s−1) of the graphite tube. Several features of this phenomenon were investigated, including the effects of sample mass and solution volume, the influence of Sr and the type (Ar and N2) and flow rate (0–250 ml min−1) of sheath gas on the character of the atomic absorption spikes. Essentially, all effects were similar to those found with spatially non-isothermal tubes. Results of possible effects of condensation/re-evaporation processes on temporal oscillations of atomic absorption signals from Al and Yb oxides in spatially non-isothermal tubes are presented in the second part of this study. No influence of transport processes on the temporal oscillations during common conditions of sampling and heating was evident. The results suggest that the origin of the temporal oscillations lies with the primary sample residue. All the above support the gaseous carbide mechanism of formation of temporal oscillations in the atomic absorption signals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".