Enclaves ethniques à Montréal et Toronto: les cas de Victoria à Côte-des-Neiges et de Roncesvalles à Parkdale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L'émergence d'enclaves ethniques dans les villes d'accueil de l'immigration n'est pas un phénomène nouveau dans la géographie des grandes villes nord-américaines. Les nouveaux arrivants participent souvent à l'économie locale par la création de petites entreprises qui visent à combler les besoins de leurs compatriotes. Ils participent aussi à la transformation, voire même à la transition des quartiers centraux de ces grandes villes. L'exemple des Polonais de la rue Roncesvalles à Toronto et celui des Juifs de la Côte-des-Neiges à Montréal représente bien ce phénomène. Mais l'importance de l'économie ethnique dans certains quartiers demeure encore peu explorée. Cet article étudie le lien entre espace géographique, entrepreneuriat immigrant et fonctions de l'entreprise dans deux contextes urbains : les quartiers de la Côte-des-Neiges à Montréal et de Parkdale à Toronto. Nous y examinons la notion de marché ouvert et de marché fermé à partir des données recueillies à partir d'entrevues dirigées avec des entrepreneurs des secteurs de Victoria-van Horne et de Roncesvalles.That immigration leads to the emergence of ethnic neighborhoods in North American cities is not a new phenomenon in urban geography. New arrivals often participate in the development of local economies by creating small businesses to serve the needs of their compatriots. They also participate in the transformation of centrally located neighborhoods in large cities. The emergence of the Polish neighborhood on Roncesvalles Street in Toronto and the Jewish neighborhood of Côte-des Neiges in Montreal exemplify this pattern. However, the importance of ethnic economies in such neighborhoods has gone largely unexplored. This paper examines the relationship between geographic location, immigrant entrepreneurs and the role of small ethnic businesses in two Canadian urban areas: Côte-des-Neiges in Montréal and Parkdale in Toronto. Data from interviews with local businesspeople in these two areas are used to examine the pertinence of the concepts of ethnic/open and ethnic/closed markets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".