Genetic Diversity of<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>from Narragansett Bay and Coastal Ponds of Rhode Island
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies have detected Vibrioparahaemolyticus virulence genes (hemolysins tdh and trh) in Rhode Island oysters and waters. Illness caused by V. parahaemolyticus is currently rare in Rhode Island; however, there is concern over increasing aquaculture and water temperatures. The aim of this study was to characterize further the genetic diversity of V. parahaemolyticus in Rhode Island to determine disease risk. The genetic profile of pathogenic (tdh and/or trh ) strains and environmental (tdh-/trh-) strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from Rhode Island oyster and water samples was compared with pandemic and clinical strains using repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction. Of the 291 V. parahaemolyticus colonies isolated, 27 were pathogenic strains, with 25 of 291 (9.0%), tdh-/trh ; 1 of 291 (0.3%), tdh /trh ; and 1 of 291 (0.3%), tdh /trh-. Rhode Island isolates did not cluster closely with pandemic or clinical strains. Isolates containing tdh and/or trh genes from Rhode Island waters were predominantly tdh-/trh , in contrast with a predominance of tdh /trh- or tdh /trh strains in Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and the Gulf of Mexico. Similar to other studies in the United States, a high level of genetic diversity in pathogenic and environmental strains of V. parahaemolyticus was seen. This study clarified the diversity and virulence gene content (tdh and trh status) of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from Rhode Island waters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".