Outage in a cellular network overlaid with an ad hoc network: The uplink case
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We analyze the uplink outage probability at the randomly, but not necessarily independently nor homogeneously, distributed cellular network receivers caused by an overlaid secondary ad hoc network. Unlike the previous works that assumed exact circular exclusion regions (or guard zones), we incorporate a sensing mechanism to decrease the significant effect of the nearby interferers. We consider Rayleigh-faded links, large-scale power control, and the knowledge of the initial outages in the absence of the secondary network. We derive an upper bound on the outage probability and show it to be tight when the co-channel primary receivers are separated by relatively significant distances, which is inherently the case for the cellular network. Furthermore, we derive a closed-form expression that shows the significant impact of the sensing mechanism on the spectrum sharing gains.. Additionally, we optimize the decision threshold, which is used by secondary network users to decide whether to transmit or not, in order to maximize the spectrum sharing gains under the given outage constraints.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".