Local motion versus global shape in biological motion: A reflexive orientation task
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our visual system can extract directional information even from spatially scrambled point-light displays (Troje & Westhoff, 2006). In three experiments, we measured saccade latencies to investigate how local features in biological motion affect attentional processes. Participants made voluntary saccades to targets appearing on the left or the right of a central fixation point, which were congruent, neutral or incongruent with respect to the facing direction of a centrally presented point-light display. In Experiment 1, we presented two kinds of human point-light walker stimuli (coherent and spatially scrambled) with three different viewpoints (left-facing, frontal view, right-facing) at two different stimulus durations (200 and 500 ms) to sixteen observers. The saccade latency of the incongruent condition was significantly longer compared to that of the congruent condition for the 200-ms coherent point-light walker stimuli, but not for the spatially scrambled stimuli. In Experiment 2, a new group of observers (N = 12) were presented with two point-light walker displays. The only difference with respect to Exp. 1 was, that in the scrambled version of the stimulus, the location of the dots representing the feet, was kept constant. Different from the results of Experiment 1, the saccade latency in the incongruent condition was significantly longer than that in the congruent condition irrespective of the stimulus types. In Experiment 3, we put into conflict the facing direction indicated by the local motion of the feet and the facing direction as indicated by the global structure of the walker by presenting newly recruited observers (N = 12) with backwards walking point-light walkers. In agreement with the results of Experiment 2, the modulation of the saccade latency was dependent on the direction of feet motion, irrespective of the postural structure of the walker. These results suggest that the local motion of the feet determines reflexive orientation responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".